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This is one of the most important subjects because rabbits have very sensitive digestive systems,
and an unhealthy diet can lead to serious health issues.
I follow the House Rabbit Society's diet recommendations:
UNLIMITED HAY : This is extremely important for a bunny's digestive system. Always have it available. My bunnies eat more hay when they have a variety.
HAY TIP: A great trick that encourages more hay consumption is to offer a little handful a few times a day. For some reason this entices them to eat more, even though they still have plenty of hay in their rack. Maybe it's the whole "newness" factor, I don't know but it seems to work well
PELLETS: 1/4 to 1/2 cup pellets per 6 lbs.
Recommended Nutrional Value: (Compare these against yours)
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Fiber 18% minimum (20 -25% best)
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Fat 1 - 2% max,
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Protein 12 - 14% max (long-haired breeds,angoras, need higher)
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Calcium 1% max
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Avoid pellets with nuts and dried fruit. That's like putting a snicker bars on your salad everyday. Stick with pellets that are Timothy based. Some alfalfa based pellets do have a high fiber content, but most are still too high in calories, protein, and calcium for many adult rabbits.
PELLET TIP: A rabbit's system is meant for foraging. Instead of putting your bunny's pellets in a bowl that can quickly be consumed, spread his pellets out all over his pen or cage, either throw all over, or hide in specific place. This way he can't consume everything at once and it will add a bit of exercise and entertainment.
GREENS: Minimum 2 cups of chopped greens per 6 lbs See Veggie/Fruit List from the House Rabbit Society.
FRUIT: 1 oz. to 2 oz. max per 6 lbs. body weight. High in calories, but still a better treat than some of the "junkfood" treats that are sold at pet stores. See Veggie/Fruit List
Sources:
http://www.rabbit.org/faq/sections/diet.html, http://www.rabbit.org/faq/sections/treat.html, http://www.rabbit.org/journal/3-4/pellets.html
MY OWN TRIAL AND ERROR THROUGH DIET DRAMAS
| TRIAL & ERROR |
SOLUTION |
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Pellet TRIAL & ERROR:
With my original pellet, my rabbits were gaining too much weight, and one of my rabbits, Bailey, continued to have daily bouts of soft stools. AKA: Poopybutt.
I didn’t understand it, the pellets were high in fiber, they didn’t include any nuts, corn or any “rabbit junk food” extras, and I fed no more than the House Rabbit Society’s recommended amounts.
Plus, they were getting unlimited hay, and the HRS recommended amount of greens.
 
So I decided to do a little net researching and asked a couple of vets.
The common conclusion:
The pellets were alfalfa based, and that is usually too rich for adult rabbits even if it's high in fiber.
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Pellet SOLUTION:
I found a Timothy based pellet that was a minimum 25% of crude fiber and no more than 1.50% of crude fat. I personally chose Oxbow Bunny Basics because it also met all the other HRS nutritional requirements for protein, calcium, etc.
I slowly introduced the new pellet with the old, gradually increasing the percentage of the new pellet over a month. At first, they snuffed their noses at it and just left it in the dish. But I knew they wouldn’t starve themselves, and they eventually began eating the healthier pellet.

Minimal Treats (3 x week) - Natural treats are healthiest.
This is an "or" list. Only one of these treats at a time:
- Very thin sliver of apple
- A few strands of shredded carrots.
- 1 – 2 raisins
- Thin banana slice
- 1/4 medium sized strawberry

Keep amounts small as shown
NOTE: This is based on adult rabbit needs. (1-5 years old) Please check out http://www.rabbit.org/faq/sections/diet.html#babies for your baby, teen or senior bunny's diet requirements.
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Bailey, The Chronic PoopyButter

Even with the new healthy Timothy hay based pellet, Bailey often suffered from poopybutt. So I took her and a sample of her messy poop to the vet.
The vet tested her icky poop and determined an overgrowth of yeast. But since Bailey's diet was healthy then it was determined that she just has an extremely sensitive digestive system (not uncommon in lops).
The vet suggested less pellets, and more greens. But to make sure there weren't any greens that she was sensitive to, I started out with one kind and added one type each week
One type per week worked well for Bailey because it could take 24-48 hours to get poopybutt from one item, and it could take that long for it to get out of her system.
TRIAL & ERROR WITH GREENS
NPB = No PoopyButt PB! = PoopyButt
| Week |
Green |
Result |
| 1 |
Dandelion |
NPB |
| 2 |
Cilantro |
PB! |
| 3 |
Parsley |
NPB |
| 4 |
Chicory |
PB! |
| 5 |
Brussel Sprout |
PB! |
| 6 |
Romaine Lettuce |
NPB |
I kept going like this trying most of the greens on the HRS list until I narrowed the greens and veggies down.
Most greens caused poopybutt, but I was at least able to find out the few that didn't through this method.
I even went back and tried smaller amounts of some greens and found that some, like chicory, didn't give her poopybutt in more modest servings.
See the final list of acceptable greens for Bailey on the SOLUTIONS side---->
NOTE: The vet told me it could take months for her system to get balanced again. So not to get discouraged. Actually, in just a couple of weeks, the mess was less, and it became less frequent.
During the time when I was testing out new foods, how did I know what worked and didn't if she could still have poopybutt for months? There is poopybutt, then there is massivepoopybutt, then there's gas mask poopybutt. The things that didn't sit well with her system during this testing time just made it even more disgusting then the normal disgusting poo.
STILL RANDOM POOPYBUTT?!!
Even though diet really helped prevent daily bouts of poo, she would still get periodic bouts. I just decided it was part of her makeup and dealt with it since it wasn't everyday. But then a discovered a new technique that seems to have solve the problem completely so far. -->
(cross my fingers)
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SOLUTION:
More greens, less pellets, very limited treats. 
NOTE: If your bunny suffers from frequent poopybutt, you should always have a rabbit savvy vet check your bunny and test their poop first. Poopybutt can be a symptom of illness and infection, so you want to make sure if that is the case, it gets treated right away.

Treats:
Unfortunately she is one of those rabbits that just can't handle most treats. Sad. :(
She can ONLY handle:
- 1 raisin 2 times a week.
- 1 Papaya tablet 3 - 4 times a week.
So I give her rosemary and mint as a treat. She loves them and they don't upset her stomach.

Rosemary Mint
COUCH CRUMB SCAVENGER ALERT:
Those rascally rabbits! I caught Bailey getting into the habit of running around the couch sniffing, and then I noticed her munching on things I couldn't see. But as I scrunched my eyes to get a better look, I could see itsy bitsy cracker, bread or chips crumbs. And I remembered we had lunch sitting on the couch, watching tv.
Even though we bring napkins, crumbs will escape, and she had found it to be the snack goldmine. But for a bunny who can get sludgebutt, it's no fun later. I now have a little hand vaccum to take care of those crumbs.
NEW TECHNIQUE! Via one of our homemade toytests (from BinkyBunny's ToyTest page) , I discovered that giving Bailey much of her portions nestled in lunch bags with holes, that it took her longer to get her food as she was forced to forage.

And even though she ended up eating everything, it prevented her from gobbling everything up at once. This helped even more in reducing her bouts of poopybutt.
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Maze Haven
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The Willow Tent
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Papaya Tablets
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Willow Cube
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Grass Ball
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Straw Mats S-L-XL
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Sock Bunny Keychain
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MAZE HAVEN We know how challenging it is to find things that hold a rabbit's interest. We found that our bunnies liked boxes, but before long, they became bored. So we made it our mission to make the ultimate boredom buster! We also wanted something that we could either leave out, or store away - something collapsible without having to disassemble everything.
THE WILLOW TENT This unpeeled willow tent is perfect for bunnies of all sizes. They’ll enjoy this long lasting hideout. It’s the perfect place for a bunny to camp out and chew up at the same time.
I like to make the tent an activity center by hanging some of our chew toys like the Hang & Twist and the Willow Star on the inside.
PAPAYA TABLETS Oxbow chewable Papaya Tablets are made from the freshest pineapple and papaya available and bunnies love 'em! Papaya Tablets are a natural source of papain and bromelain. These enzymes may help soften food and hair in the stomach. I love to put these in our Grass Ball or Jumbo Willow Ball to add a little extra tasty fun.
Remember, as with any treat, offer sparingly to prevent digestive problems and obesity.
WILLOW CUBE A large willow cube made of natural unpeeled willow. The square shape is great for bunnies that like their toys to stay put so they can sink their choppers in. And like the Willow Ball, you can still snuggly fit hay and treats in the cube’s nook and crannies; A great way to turbo charge it!
GRASS BALL A fully edible willow and natural fiber ball filled with a stash of soft timothy hay or for an irresistible treat and toy in one, add some of our Blue Bunny Mix Hay and Papaya tablet. Bunnies toss it, nibble it, and chew it up to get to the surprise of timothy hay inside. I love to continue to entice my bunnies by refilling the grass ball with hay and treats until the the grass ball itself is finally consumed. It took my bunny Bailey six months to nibble it down to a small crescent moon.
STRAW MATS S-L-XL These Straw Mats are woven using natural straw and natural jute for longer lasting chewing satisfaction. These mats are flexible and can be rolled up for more creative fun playtime. Ideal for placing in cages to protect sensitive feet or to place over or near favorite naughty chew spots like carpet hot spots, underneath furniture, etc...
SOCK BUNNY KEYCHAIN So why do the bunnies get to have all the fun! When I saw this adorable keychain, I thought we humans deserve something too! This ridiculously cute 2 1/2" little bunny will make you smile everytime you grab your keys.
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